Session - Space Climate

Y. Gurfinkel, T. Breus, G. Lapenta

The long-term evolution of solar magnetic fields and solar magnetic activity modifies the solar radiative and particle emissions, thus affecting the properties of the solar wind, the heliospheric magnetic field and the near-Earth environment, including the Earth's atmosphere and climate. This session provides a forum for contributions related to all aspects of space climate, including studies reporting changes in the solar and near-Earth space environment, and their effects on the atmosphere and climate, as well as their effects on human health. During the last thirty years there has been steady progress in our understanding of the influence that space weather has on the state of human health both in Space and at Earth. Space missions in Low Earth Orbits like the International Space Station (ISS) already suffer from space weather effects. Operations outside the space station have to be planned carefully in order to prevent high exposures due to changes in the radiation field caused by Solar Particle Events (SPEs). Human habitation in stress situation associated with weightlessness, combined with additional risks, e.g. increased radiation inside the space station, weakening of the influence of Earth's magnetic field especially in interplanetary expeditions etc.) . At the last two decades there were conducted several extensive studies that revealed dependence of cardiovascular pathologies at the Earth from space weather events. This interdisciplinary field of research requires a wide exchange of expertise in these various topics.

Talks
Thursday November 26, 11:00 - 13:00, Permeke

Poster Viewing
Thursday November 26, 10:00 - 11:00, Poster area

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Talks : Time schedule

Thursday November 26, 11:00 - 13:00, Permeke

11:00	Superflares on Solar type Stars and Their Implications on the Possibility of Superflares on the Sun	Shibata, K et al.	Invited Oral
	Kazunari Shibata
	Kwasan and Hida Observatories, Kyoto University
	Using 120 days Kepler data, Maehara et al. (2012) have discovered 365 superflares ($10^{34}-10^{36}$ erg) on 148 solar type stars (G type dwarfs). Shibayama et al. (2013) extended Maehara et al.’s work to find 1547 superflares on 279 solar type stars from 500 days Kepler data. They revealed that the occurrence frequency of superflares of $10^{34}$ erg is once in 800 years, and that of $10^{35}$ erg is once in 5000 years on Sun-like stars whose surface temperature and rotation are similar to those of the Sun. It was also found that these superflare stars show quasi-periodic brightness variation, which can be interpreted as a result of rotation of stars with large star spots (Notsu Y. et al. 2013). This interpretation is consistent with standard theory of solar flares and dynamo (Shibata et al. 2013), and has partly been confirmed by spectroscopic observations of some of these stars using Subaru telescope (Notsu S. et al., 2013; Nogami et al. 2014, Notsu, Y. et al. 2015). Furthermore, there were no evidence of hot Jupiters around these superflare stars, suggesting the possibility that superflares may occur on the Sun (Nogami et al. 2014). Maehara et al. (2015) analyzed short time cadense Kepler data and found that the average occurrence rate of superflares with the energy of $10^{33}$ erg which is equivalent to X100 solar flares is about once in 500 to 600 years. We shall discuss what would happen on the civilization and environment of the Earth if such superflares would occur on the Sun. References Maehara et al. (2012) Nature 485, 478 Shibata et al. (2013) PASJ 65, 49 Shibayama et al. (2013) ApJS 209, 5 Notsu, Y. et al. (2013) ApJ 771, 127 Notsu, S. et al. (2013) PASJ 65, 112 Nogami, D. et al. (2014) PASJ 66, L4 Notsu, Y. et al. (2015) PASJ 67, 33 Maehara et al. (2015) Earth, Planets, Space 67, 59
11:20	Long time radiation environment variation on ISS orbit and radiation risk estimations.	Benghin, V et al.	Invited Oral
	Victor Benghin[1], Mikchel Panasyuk[2], Igor Ushakov[1], Oleg Nechaev[2], Victor Mitrikas[1], Alexander Shafirkin[1], Veacheslav Shurshakov[1], Igor Nikolaev[3]
	[1] State scientific center of Russian Federation - Institute of bio-medical problems of the Russian academy of sciences; [2] Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University; [3] Korolev Rocket-space Corporation "Energiya"
	Regular monitoring of radiation environment on board manned orbital stations MIR and ISS made it possible to obtain a practically continuous set of data covering more than 20 years. The set of data allows on board dose rate estimation starting from the maximum of the 22-th solar cycle. A principal difference in the dose rate behavior has been observed in the solar minimum phases after the 22-th and 23-th cycles. After the 22-th cycle, an essential, more than 2 times dose rate increase was observed in solar minimum. However, after the 23-th cycle in solar activity decreasing period essential dose rate variation on board the ISS has not been observed. It was made separation of the Earth radiation belts, galactic and solar cosmic rays contributions to daily dose for the different shielding circumstances by the equipment of the ISS. The ISS attitude influence on the dose rate is also considered. More than 170 solar particle events were registered during the observation period, only 20 events created the radiation environment changes on board the manned stations. The additional dose values caused by the large solar particle events including October 2003 and January 2005 events are presented. The highest increase of the dose rate on board the ISS was registered in October 2003 solar particle events; it reached 5 mGy/day on October 29. The radiation risk estimations were obtained based on the radiation monitoring data. The estimations were performed for flights with duration of half year and one year.
11:40	Space weather, the atmosphere, and human health on Earth and in Space	Cornelissen guillaume, G et al.	Invited Oral
	Germaine Cornelissen[1], Elena V Syutkina[2], Anatoly Masalov[3], Tamara Breus[4], Yoshihiko Watanabe[5], Kuniaki Otsuka[5]
	[1] Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; [2] Scientific Center of Children’s Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; [3] Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; [4] Space Research Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; [5] Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
	Evidence accumulates for effects of space weather on human physiology and pathology, documented based on a remove-and-replace approach, superposed epoch analysis, and shared periodicities (congruence) between natural physical environmental and physiological variables. About 5-month, about 1.3-year, and about 10.5-, 21-, and 50-year cycles, signatures of solar flares, solar wind speed, and solar activity gauged by sunspots, have been detected in long-term records of blood pressure, heart rate, and/or melatonin data, as well as in mortality from myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. The about 1.3-year (transyear) component is also detected in an 8-year record (1998-2005) of atmospheric hydrogen peroxide, higher organic peroxides, wind speed, relative humidity and temperature measured at the Zugspitze/Hohenpeissenberg station in Germany. A transyear was further documented to characterize the F10.7 cm index during 2007-2012. Since F10.7 correlates well with a number of ultraviolet and visible solar irradiance records and since ultraviolet irradiance is absorbed in the upper atmosphere, which heats the upper atmosphere and ionizes it to create the ionosphere, it is likely that periodicities such as the transyear detected in several atmospheric variables may reflect solar variability, transmitted through changes occurring in the ionosphere. Decadal cycles, characterizing changes in the Earth’s surface temperature, have also long been known by economists. Hyde Clarke (1838) was the first to report an about 11-year economic cycle. Decadal changes were also quantified for a number of data published by William Milburn in relation to goods imported by the Honorable East India Company between 1708-1709 and 1733-1734, and for agricultural productivity during nearly 3 decades in Romania. An influence of agriculture and economic cycles more generally, in turn, on physical stature may be particularly important in infancy. Oscillations with periods of about 50, 21, and 10.5 years have indeed been documented for anthropometric measurements at birth in Russia, Kazakhstan, Spain, Denmark, and Minnesota (USA) and during adulthood in Austria. Decreases in heart rate variability and in nocturnal melatonin in association with solar magnetic storms provide likely mechanisms underlying effects of space weather on human health. These findings are of critical importance as preparations are being made for long-term missions to Mars.
12:00	Renewing our view to past solar activity: the new sunspot number series	Clette, F et al.	Oral
	Frédéric Clette[1],  Leif Svalgaard[2], Edward W. Cliver[3], José M. Vaquero[4], Laure Lefèvre[1]
	[1] World Data Center SILSO, Observatoire Royal de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium; [2] W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; [3] National Solar Observatory, Sunspot, NM, USA; [4] Departamento de Física, Universidad de Extremadura, Mérida, Spain
	After a 4-year joint effort, a new deeply revised version of the Sunspot Number and Group Number series has been released in August 2015 and is now available on the Web site of the World data Center SILSO. This first recalibration of the Sunspot Number since its creation in the 19$^{\text{th}}$ century leads to a reconciliation of the parallel Sunspot and Group Number series. Both data sets now bring a deep revision of the past evolution of the solar cycle over the last 400 years. In particular, the new data exclude a progressive rise of solar activity between the Maunder Minimum and an exceptional modern maximum in the late 20$^{\text{th}}$ century and they indicate only a slightly higher level of activity during the Maunder Minimum itself compared to most earlier determinations. We present here the various corrections derived independently, as well as the final end-to-end assembly of both series. We describe the various innovative strategies and new data sets implemented to bring all parts of the series to a common uniform scale, including full recalculations using original data sources. After correction, the relation between the group number and sunspot number over many solar cycles can be reliably determined and proves to be a slightly non-linear function of the level of solar activity, which explains the apparent time variations of the linear scaling constant used in past studies. We conclude on the adoption of new important conventions for this new version of the Sunspot and Group Number series (reference scale set to Wolfer, raw group counts, new symbols S$_{\text{N}}$ and G$_{\text{N}}$). Other important changes are now being implemented for the future production of the Sunspot Number and for the management of future updates of the entire historical series. We explain how the scientific community can get involved after this transition from the past largely static sunspot series to a living data set, open to new advances in sunspot science.
12:11	Space climate impact on long-term changes and trends in the ionosphere-upper atmosphere system	Lastovicka, J et al.	Oral
	Jan Lastovicka
	Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences
	Climatic change in the troposphere is appears to be predominantly caused by the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases are important driver of long-term trends also in the ionosphere-upper atmosphere but they are not the only driver. Other drivers like ozone, secular change of Earth’s magnetic field etc. also play a role. Some role in trends is played by solar activity and changes of space climate/weather either and this will be treated here. Solar cycle is primary driver of long-term variations, particularly (but not only) in the ionosphere. Long-term changes of solar cycle amplitude affect trends in the ionosphere and upper atmosphere. Long-term changes of geomagnetic activity are also important and in the past they were probably main driving factor of ionospheric trends (long-term increase of geomagnetic activity almost throughout the 20th century). At high latitudes, long-term changes of high energy particle flux also play a role, particularly in the lower ionosphere and the mesosphere/lower thermosphere region. This all will briefly be illustrated and discussed.
12:22	Zero magnetic field could influence on cardiovascular system	Gurfinkel, Y et al.	Oral
	Yury Gurfinkel, Oleg At`kov, Andrey Vasin, Maria Sasonko
	Space Research Institut RAS, Research Clinical Center of JSC “Russian Railways”, Moscow, Russia
	Prospects for interplanetary missions or long-term stay on the Moon or Mars pose a new problem of ultra-low magnetic fields influence on humans. However reaction of human organism on zero magnetic field especially during its prolonged exposure is unclear. The aim of this study is the investigation of zero magnetic field effects on cardiovascular system, the capillary blood velocity in healthy volunteers two different age groups. Participants and methods. Thirty two healthy adults (age 44,7 ± 17,6 years) without cardiovascular problems were tested in spatial facility that give possibility to compensate the external geomagnetic field to zero magnetic field (ZMF). Each person of the group has been tested twice: in ZMF and, for comparison, in sham conditions. The subjects were divided into two age groups in a random way. The first group included 15 individuals till 39 years old (28, 4 ± 5, 9 years; men/ women 8/7), the second group consisted of 17 people from 40 years and older (mean age 59,1 ± 10,0; men/ women 12/5). The total time spent in the facility was 2 hours including time for taking tests at rest before and after experiment. Durations of ZMF exposure or sham conditions were 60 minutes. The facility for magnetic fields modeling "HARP" was constructed together with the Prokhorov’s Institute of General Physics. Facility consists of the electrostatic screen and seven coils that allowed compensating the external magnetic field. Characteristics of the facility "HARP" allow providing for a few hours a stable level of the MF about 48 µT or compensation of the geomagnetic field. Zero level of the MF was maintained with an accuracy of ± 10 nT along the axis of the facility. Heart rhythm and heart rate (HR) of tested subjects were recorded using the monitoring system "Astrokard" (Russia) allows simultaneous viewing of the ECG on the screen of mobile device in the course of the study. Microvascular measurements were conducted in a constant temperature-controlled room with the subjects in the seated position and the left hand at heart level. Nail fold capillaries were visualized using a digital capillaroscope Kapillaroskan-1 (AET, Russia) equipped with high speed CCD-camera. Double systolic and diastolic BP measurements were automatically performed on the arm after microvascular measurements. Results and conclusion. Capillary blood velocity for all tested subjects enlarged by 17%, and the average duration of cardio intervals increased by 88.7% during zero magnetic field exposure in comparison with sham. Zero magnetic field exposure significantly reduces the heart rate to the end of 60 minutes exposure. Hypomagnetic conditions also significantly decrease diastolic blood pressure. The results obtained in our study demonstrate effect only to brief exposure of zero magnetic field on cardiovascular system and microcirculation. However, it is possible that during interplanetary missions, long-term stay in hypomagnetic conditions may have a significant impact on a health and working ability of deep space explorers.
12:35	Aspects of Clinical Cosmobiology	Stoupel, E et al.	Oral
	Eliyahu Stoupel
	Division of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tiqwa, Sackler Faculty of Medicine,Tel Aviv University,Israel
	The aim of this study is to present different links between Space Weather components ( Solar, (SA), Geomagnetic (GMA), Cosmic Ray ( Neutron) – (CRA) and human homeostasis in context of Clinical Cosmobiology. Patients & methods: It’s a summary from many clinical studies performed in 3 countries -Israel, Lithuania, Azerbaijan, comparing clinical events, laboratory data with Space Weather components. Physical data was from Space Institutions in the USA, Russia, Finland. Results: SA and GMA are significantly related, (r=0.5, p<0.0001) and inverse related to CRA (SA /CRA r=-0.85, p<0.0001, GMA/CRA r=0.66, p<0.0001). 1.Month of conception and birth and human pathology- victims of Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD), patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), stroke (CVA) and , also, cancer patients show significant differences in month of conception and birth in comparison with centenarians. 2.Timing of acute events: Acute Myocardial Infarction ( AMI), Sudden Cardiac Death(SCD), life threatening cardiac arrhythmia's and Electrical Heart Storm (HS), Stroke(CVA) show significant links by timing with CRA, SA. The culprit artery location in AMI is also related to CRA and GMA. Deaths from Stroke (CVA) are linked to CRA, SA and GMA. Also many congenital lesions like Down Syndrome, Congenital Heart Disease are related to Space Whether activity, mostly in the month of their conception (9 months before delivery). Newborn length and weight, intraocular pressure, ophthalmologic emergencies, blood pressure in hypertensive patients also show significant relationship to Space Weather components. Blood coagulation indices and inflammation markers are connected with GMA and inverse to CRA. Hormone production is also connected with Space Weather. 3. Gene activity and Space Weather: The Human Genome Project give a basis for homeostasis regulation. The timing of events is often related to Space physical activity. As a consequence, we can presume, that Gene functional activity is, partially, regulated by changing Space Weather. Conclusion: human homeostasis is affected by changing Space Weather physical activity.
12:48	On Non-Universality of Solar-Terrestrial Connections	Pustilnik, L et al.	Oral
	Lev Pustilnik, Gregory Yom Din
	Tel Aviv University
	Non-universality of the solar-terrestrial connection (STC) caused by complex and dynamical character of the dynamo process in the Sun and of the non-stability of the global atmospheric circulation in the Earth . This reason leads from time to time to drastically change of the STC manifestations as whole and, partly, to change of the phase relations between different forms of the Earth environment responses and magnetized sunspot driver of solar activity (SA). Physical reason of this non-stability is complexity of dynamo-processes, controlled solar activity as whole. The dynamo mechanism includes few basically elements (differential rotation, solar convection and its, toroidal and poloidal magnetic fields, global circulation and more). All this elements are connected one to another with direct and feedbacks causal-reason relations between them. In result solar cycle has dynamically change in amplitude, period and phase. This non-stability leads to different phase pattern of main manifestations of solar activity and its non-stability (sunspots number, flares frequency (with different phase patterns for different amplitudes), coronal holes, chromosphere emission and more). When this non-stability overlap on non-stability of the global atmospheric and oceanic circulation, it leads to complex and non-stable response of the earth weather and climate on solar activity. We discuss this non-universal character of STC and its sequences for identification of solar variability in atmospheric processes and in possible agriculture response. We propose set of necessary conditions and possible scenarios of SCT taking in account of non-stability of SCT.

Posters

Thursday November 26, 10:00 - 11:00, Poster area

1	Geoinformation System for Monitoring and Analysis Parameters of Space Climate	Vorobev, A et al.	Invited p-Poster
	Andrei Vorobev, Gulnara Shakirova
	Ufa State Aviation Technical University
	In the modern World a problem of control, analysis and forecast of space climate and weather is extremely important and acute not for only living systems but for technical objects, which are located both on the Earth and in space. Many scientists of various knowledge areas study and analyze space weather by the instrumentality of a wide range of devices, methods and technical facilities. However still there are no any unified approaches, which can integrate all registered data about space weather into single unified information space and provide instrumental facilities for complex analysis and estimation of these data. It is a significant problem. So, we represent results of the research on developing special geoinformation system for monitoring, observation and complex analysis of parameters of space weather and space climate.
2	Synchronization of human heart rate variations and geomagnetic field vector in millihertz range in different phases of magnetic storms	Zenchenko, T et al.	p-Poster
	T.Zenchenko[1], T.K. Breus[1], A.A. Medvedeva[2], N.I.Khorseva[1]
	[1] Space Research Institute of RAS, Moscow, Russia, [2] Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of RAS, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
	In our earlier research we have shown that the basic oscillation periods presented in heart rate variations of healthy person at rest at each time point largely coincide with the periods of the horizontal (X) components of the geomagnetic field oscillations in the frequency range 0.5-5 mHz. Effects of synchronization were observed in approximately 60% of the experiments [1]. This conclusion is based on the results of more than 100 experiments conducted during 2011-2013 together with different research groups. We examined 37 volunteers from 18 to 65 years old. Observations (each was with duration from 60 to 200 minutes) were conducted in the following cities: Pushchino and Khimki (Moscow region), Arkhangelsk, Tomsk, Sofia (Bulgaria), as well as at the station Starorusskaya (Leningrad region). Measurements were carried out in geomagnetically quiet periods (Kp = 0-2). Time series of one-minute values for X- component of the geomagnetic field vectors were obtained from the network INTERMAGNET (International Real-time Magnetic Observatory Network, http://ottawa.intermagnet.org/Welcom_e.php). In this study, we analyzed the results of 24 series of observations made in different phases of the three planetary magnetic storms with sudden commencement (26-28 September 2011, 16-20 June 2012, and June 14-19, 2012). It was found that during the sudden commencement and during the recovery phase of magnetic storms, a very good coincidence was observed for the main components represented in the wavelet - spectrum of geophysical and biological time series (during sudden commencement - for 4 from 4 series of observations, and during the recovery phase for 8 from 10 ones). At the same time, for series of observations made during maximal decrease of the Dst-index, the oscillation periods represented in two rows of data do not show coincidence in any of the four series of observations. In the period immediately preceding the sudden commencement, a degree of synchronization was close to that obtained previously in geomagnetically quiet conditions (the identical periods were observed in 3 from the five series of observations). The obtained results experimentally confirm the earlier assumption in [2], that magnetic storms are external de-synchronizer of internal biological rhythms. [1].T.A. Zenchenko, A.A. Medvedeva, N.I. Khorseva, T.K. Breus. Synchronization of Human Heart Rate Indicators and Geomagnetic Field Variations in the Frequency Range of 0.5–3.0 MHz. Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 2014, Vol. 50, No. 7, pp. 736–744. [2]. Breus T.K., Rapoport S.I. Magnetic storms – Medico – biological and geophysical aspects– Pub H “Soviet sport” 2003 – 192 p .
3	CIR-XL recurring for several years	Melinda, D et al.	p-Poster
	Melinda Dósa, Géza Erdős
	Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics
	The heliospheric magnetic flux is determined from the radial component of the magnetic field vector measured onboard interplanetary space probes. Earlier Ulysses research has shown remarkable independence of the flux from heliographic latitude. Here we are investigating whether any longitudinal variation exist in the 50 year long OMNI magnetic data set. When determining the heliographic longitude of the plasma source, correction was applied for the solar wind travel time. Significant recurrent enhancements of the magnetic flux was observed during the declining phase of the solar cycles. These flux enhancements are associated with co-rotating interaction regions (CIR) lasting several years. The recurrence period is slightly faster than the Carrington Rotation rate. The same, long lasting recurring features can be observed when plotting the deviation angle of the solar wind velocity vector from the radial direction. However, the deviation angle is small - in order of a few degrees - and cannot account for the observed flux increases. An increase of the magnetic field is clearly caused by the plasma compression associated to CIRs. Comparing interplanetary data with synoptic maps of the coronal magnetic field (PFSS modell) and coronal temperature data of ACE, we came to the possible explanation that these long-term structures are caused by fast speed solar wind originating from coronal holes. This results supports the idea that magnetic field lines from coronal holes spread out and reach to low latitudes as well. The recurrent longitudinal variation of the magnetic flux during the declining phase of the solar cycle has impact on the modulation of cosmic rays as well as on the frequency and intensity of space weather events.
4	Effects of space weather conditions on emergency ambulance calls for elevated arterial blood pressure	Braziene, A et al.	p-Poster
	Agnė Brazienė, Jonė Venclovienė
	Vytautas Magnus University
	We hypothesized that weather and space weather conditions were associated with the exacerbation of high blood pressure and arterial hypertension. The study was conducted during 2009-2011 in the city of Kaunas, Lithuania. We analyzed 17,070 cards from emergency ambulance calls (EACs), in which the conditions for the emergency calls were made coded I.10-I.15 (elevated arterial blood pressure). The Kaunas Weather Station provided daily records of air temperature, wind speed (WS) and barometric pressure (BP). Data of solar proton density, solar wind speed (SWS), and geomagnetic activity (GMA) were used as space weather data. We evaluated the associations between daily weather variables and a higher rate of EAC (HREAC) defined as an increase in the daily number of EACs over 75th percentile (22) by applying a logistic regression; the risk was assessed by Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval. The effect of space weather variables evaluated by including its in the multivariate logistic model created by using weather data. An increase of temperature by 10 °C was associated with a decrease in HREACs about two times (OR = 0.49 (0.42-0.58). An elevation of BP two days after by 10 hPa was associated with a decrease in OR by 20% (OR = 0.80 (0.67-0.96)). An increase of WS by 1 knot was associated with a increase in the risk of HREAC for elevated blood pressure by 10% (OR=1.10 (1.04-1.16). The high-speed solar wind (≥600km/s) on the day of call and the active-stormy geomagnetic field two days before increased the risk of HREAC by more than 2 times (respectively, OR=3.15 (1.42-6.97) and OR=2.47 (1.29-4.74). The increase in SWS by 10km/s (lag 2) associated with an increase of the risk of HREAC by 3% (OR=1.03 (1.01-1.05). In the multivariate model, active-stormy GMA on EAC day and SWS≥ 400km/s on 2 days before EAC was associated with double increased risk of HREAC (respectively, OR=2.24 (1.15-4.35) and OR=1.82 (1.30-2.55)). Active-stormy GMA arises two days after SWS≥ 400 km/s, associated with >2 times higher risk for HREAC than active-stormy GMA arises after lower SWS (the interaction OR=2.24 (1.10-4.57)). These results suggest that the solar WS and active-stormy geomagnetic field are prognostic findings related with increased risk of arterial hypertension development; the higher SWS strengthen the effect of active-stormy GMA.
5	Elaboration of a universal test on magneto-sensitivity	Janashia, K et al.	p-Poster
	Ketevan Janashia[1], Alexander Tsibadze[1], LevanTvildiani[1], Nikoloz Invia[2], Vasili Kukhianidze[3], George Ramishvili[3]
	[1] Heliomagnetocardiological scientific and practical center (HMCSPC); [2] Georgian Technical University (GTU); [3] Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory, Ilia State University
	The aim of the ISTC project G-2094 is to design a universal clinical/technical test for the detection of magneto-sensitivity in humans; the evaluation criteria being the values of individual responses to geomagnetic disturbances. This will allow for early diagnostics and forecasting of probable deviations in the activity of the autonomic nervous system during geomagnetic storms (GMS). Development of the test on magneto-sensitivity involves conduction of experiments in a room in which both compensation and imitation of geomagnetic disturbances are possible using recordings of the natural disturbances and their subsequent reproduction. In the room a uniform magnetic field in the largest extent was created by the Heliomagnetocardiological Scientific and Practical Centre. The calculation and designing of the magnetic system, magnetic field measurement and its metrological characteristics have been conducted. For the modeling of geomagnetic field disturbances (GMF) in the room processing of GFM recordings has been carried out based on the predictions and recordings of the GMF in two points of Georgia. Comparative analysis of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) indices at rest (initial values), during GMSs, on calm geomagnetic days and at accordingly modulated GMF disturbances gives possibility to estimate dynamics of changes in the autonomic regulations of the investigated at the exposure to natural and modulated magnetic fields. In the case of identical changes as compared with the initial values of indices, a new optimal test can be created. At this stage detected autonomic regulation initial types of the healthy male students-29 persons using HRV indices. Modelling of geomagnetic disturbances and under of modeled magnetic field, repeated determination of initial HRV indices were performed in 15 students. The experiments revealed that during 1,5–2 hour exposure to the range of natural geomagnetic disturbances of the intensity from-30nT to-200nT the autonomic nervous system balance in healthy male students is shifted: in the case of initial prevalence of a shift of the autonomic nervous system’s balance towards the sympathetic or balanced regulation the intensification of parasympathetic influence on the heart rhythm was observed, whereas the initial deviation towards the parasympathetic division showed balanced regulation. It can be supposed that initial functional state of investigated stipulated different dynamics of alterations HRV during the experiments.
6	Short-term space weather effects on emergency ambulance calls for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation	Vencloviene, J et al.	p-Poster
	Jone Vencloviene[1], Ruta M. Babarskiene[2], Paulius Dobozinskas[3]
	[1] Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania; [2] Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania; [3]  Department of Disaster Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania;
	Recent research shows that not only geomagnetic storms, but also other space weather indicators affect human health; and the effect of space weather disturbances differs in men and in women. Several studies have stated an association between heart rhythm disturbances and Solar-geomagnetic activity. We evaluated the associations of the number of daily emergency ambulance calls (EC) for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) with space weather variables. The study was conducted in Kaunas city (geomagnetic latitude - 52.38 N) from January 1, 2009 to August 25, 2012. The study included data on 2,374 men and 4,298 women who called Kaunas sity ambulance for AF (the ICD-10 code – I.48). Data on solar proton events (SPE), solar wind speed, solar proton density, and geomagnetic activity (GMA) were used as space weather data. To identify the SPE, we used the daily proton >10 MeV flux, which was downloaded from the OMNIWeb data base of the National Geophysical Data Center (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/), and data on the onset of SPE adjusted to local time. Days with the daily average of proton >10 MeV flux over 10 or the day of the onset of SPE were designated as days of SPE. Daily Ap indexes were used as a measure of the level of geomagnetic activity; a geomagnetic storm (GS) was detected if Ap≥30. The association between space weather variables and the daily number of EC for AF was evaluated by using the multivariate Poisson regression adjusting for daily air temperature; the effect was assessed by using the rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval. The analysis was performed separately for men and women. The mean daily number of EC for AF was 1.86±0.04 for men and 3.37±0.05 - for women; a negative effect of lower temperature was detected both in men and in women. No effect of low GMA on the risk of EC for AF was found. In women, GS occurring at lag 0-3 before the day of the call increased the RR of EC for AF by 1.17 (1.03-1.32) compared to other days; during days of GS, SPE, or 1-2 days after GS going together with SPE, the RR of AF was 1.13 (1.01-1.27); for men, these factor has no effect (p>0.5). GS going together with high-speed solar wind (≥600km/s) 1-2 days before was associated with an increase in the risk of EC for AF: RR=1.85(1.32-2.60) for men and RR=1.14(0.83-1.59) for women. For men, a three-day average of solar proton density>5 N/cm3 (median) was associated with an increase in the risk of AF (RR=1.10 (1.02-1.20)). These findings suggest that GS, SPE, and solar proton density were associated with the risk of AF, and the space weather had a different effect on men and on women.
7	Study of Polar Cap Potential and Merging Electric Field during High Intensity Long Duration Continuous Auroral Activity	Adhikari, B et al.	p-Poster
	Binod Adhikari[1], Narayan P. Chapagain[2]
	[1] Department of Physics, Amrit Science  Campos, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal; [2] Department of Physics, Patan M. Campus, Tribhuvan University, Patan Gate, Lalitpur, Nepal
	The polar cap potential (PCV) has long been considered as a key parameter for describing the state of the magnetosphere/ionosphere system. The relationship between the solar wind parameters and the PCV is important to understand the coupling process between solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere. In this work, we have estimated PCV and merging electric (Em) during two different high intensity long duration continuous auroral activity (HILDCAA) events. For each event, we examine the solar wind parameters, magnitude of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and components, interplanetary electric field (IEF), PCV, Em and geomagnetic indices (i.e., SYM-H, geomagnetic auroral electrojet (AE) index, polar cap index (PCI) and auroral electrojet index lower (AL), respectively). We also study the role of PCI and AL indices to monitor polar cap (PC) activity during HILDCAAs. In order to verify their role, we use wavelet transform and cross-correlation techniques. For the three events studied here, the results obtained from continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) are different, however the effect of HILDCAA can be easily identified. We also observe the cross-correlation of PCI and PCV with AL, SYM-H, Bz component of the IMF and Ey component of the IEF individually. Both PCI and PCV show very good correlation with AL and SYM-H indices during the events. Observing these results, it can be suggested that PCI and AL indices play a significant role to monitor geomagnetic activity generated by geoeffective solar wind parameters.
8	The experimental facility for exposure of magnetic field variations in human experiments	Sasonko, M et al.	e-Poster
	Maria Sasonko[1], Ruslan Sarimov[1,2], Yury Gurfinkel[1,3], Andrey Vasin[1,2,4], Tatiana Matveyeva[1,2], Roman Pishchalnikov[1,2]
	[1] Research Clinical Center JSC "Russian Railways"; [2] Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GPI RAS); [3] Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI); [4] Institute for Bio-Medical Problems of RAS
	The experimental facility of magnetic exposure has been constructed in Scientific Medical Center JSC "Russian Railways" to investigate the effect of weak electromagnetic fields on the human. Our facility is a cubic structure of 2.5x2.5x2.5m in size. The structure is made by wooden balks. Each balk carries the wares which generate electromagnetic field. The volunteer is placed in a bed in the center of the cube in order to have homogenous magnetic field during exposure. The magnetic field can be created inside the cube along three different axes. The experimental facility can record and play magnetic field with up to 1 kHz and accuracy <10 nT. Before experiments the geomagnetic storm (GS) has been recorded (k-index=7) by 3-axis fluxgate magnetic field sensor (FL3-100, Stefan Mayer Instruments). Six volunteers have been exposed twice. In one case the volunteer has been exposed three hour of preliminary recorded GS. The second time the volunteer has been exposed in the quiet condition. In quiet conditions the low frequency (~1 Hz) magnetic field fluctuations for each of three axes didn’t exceed 2 nT. The electrocardiography monitoring has been used for the each volunteer during all experiments. Preliminary results demonstrate what standard deviation of RR-intervals during GS conditions was 10% less than in quite conditions whereas RR-intervals in both conditions were not different. A significant decrease of the standard deviation of RR-intervals indicates the stressful character of effects of magnetic field fluctuations.
8	Leukemia and Solar-Geomagnetic Activity	Mdzinarishvili, T et al.	p-Poster
	T. Mdzinarishvili [1], B.M.Shergelashvili [1,2,3], B.Chargeishvili [1], D.Japaridze [1] and O.Avsajanishvili [1]
	[1] Astrophysical Observatory, Ilia State University, 3-5 Cholokashvili Ave., Tbilisi, 0194, Georgia; [2] Space Research Institute, Graz, Austria; [3] CODeS, K.U. Leuven, Belgium
	Many physical, biological and health effects are associated with variations in Solar and Geomagnetic Activities. In present research a correlation of Leukemia with Solar-Geomagnetic activities (solar cycle and cosmic rays variation) on the basis of recent available data is studied. For determination the cancer incidence in time periods the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database is used. For sunspot numbers, solar magnetic field and cosmic rays variation with time period the data available for the 1976-2011 years’ time period is used. It is found that the Myeloid Leukemia and the Lymphocytic Leukemia incidence trends behaviors are likewise of the Solar Mean Magnetic Field curve behavior and may have been modulated by Solar 22-Year Hale Cycle. It is found significant correlations between Myeloid Leukemia and Solar Mean Magnetic Field Strength, with time lag 3 years, as well as between Lymphocytic Leukemia and Solar Mean Magnetic Field Strength. This study also revealed that exposures to Myeloid Leukemia and Lymphocytic Leukemia are almost in opposite phases.