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Solar Cycle 25 reached its maximum in October 2024

What this entails for the SIDC team, is that, at this stage of the Solar Cycle, the Sun is very active, and will remain at a similar level of activity well into 2026. Since the beginning of 2024, many large and complex active regions have crossed the solar disk regularly driving the daily sunspot number to well above 250

Almost spotless

The Sun was nearly spotless during a few days late February, as reported by SILSO (provisional sunspot numbers). The last spotless day dates back to 11 December 2021.

Extreme solar wind conditions

Coming back once again to the 19 January 2026 solar storm, highlighting the extraordinary solar wind conditions associated with the passage of this interplanetary CME.

PROBA-2 sees an annular eclipse

On February 17, an annular eclipse took place. Unfortunately, from Earth, annularity was only visible over Antarctica. Fortunately PROBA-2 was on duty and witnessed not one but four eclipses.

5x10 min Space Weather research

On February 6, the finalists of the 'Battle of the Scientists' explained their space weather research to an audience of children between 6 and 12 years: 500 onsite and 2100 online.
The energy release was in the order of an X-flare, accompanied by an Earth-directed CME of olympic speed and a major proton storm.

Get ready for these brilliant researchers (Dutch):

Confined and eruptive flares

A recent paper by Cliver et al. (2025) has shed some additional light on why strong X-class flares are sometimes not associated with a coronal mass ejection.

It's all flares on the menu!

NOAA 14366 has become the most flare-productive group of the ongoing solar cycle. In fact, it's already on the third place of groups producing the most M- and X-class flares since the start of the GOES measurements half a century ago!

Perspective

On 19 January 2026, one of the strongest solar radiation storms of the last few decades took place. However, though the storm contained a large number of low-energy protons, the number of high-energy protons remained mostly at background levels. A few aspects of this event are discussed, and a crude reference is provided. 

X-class flares and a geomagnetic storm

The magnetic cloud ("CME") associated with the strong flare late on 1 February produced by sunspot group 4366, arrived yesterday 4 February. It resulted in a -still ongoing- minor geomagnetic storm. For Belgium, this means no aurora are visible.  Meanwhile, NOAA 4366 produced another strong X-class flare on 4 February. (***UPDATED 6***)

Anatomy of an aurora

A concise analysis of the spectacular aurora that were observed during the 19-20 January geomagnetic storm.

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