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The long way to solar maximum


Everybody has noticed it: Over the last few months, solar activity has shifted into a higher gear.

Those darn CMEs!...


In a previous news item, it was already discussed how some CMEs use unconventional techniques to get to Earth undetected and create all of a sudden a geomagnetic disturbance.
Guess what? Those sneaky CMEs found a new way to surprise the space weather forecasters!...

Shoot-out at NOAA 1974


What seemed to be a boring and declining sunspot group suddenly turned out to be the most flare productive group of the week.

On 9 February, NOAA 1974 was a relatively small group with almost no spots in its trailing end. Then, in the course of the day, new magnetic flux emerged in this trailing portion gradually increasing its sunspot area to nearly 6 times the surface area of the Earth by 15 February. In view of the close proximity of the sunspot groups (less than 10 degrees in heliographic longitude), this region was still considered as 1 sunspot group.

Magic potion for an X-class flare


NOAA 1967 has rotated behind the west limb. It was a little bit of a disappointment that the largest sunspot group so far this solar cycle (according to NOAA statistics), only produced numerous M-flares. The approximate positions of 15 of these M-flares, produced between 30 January and 7 February, are indicated on a 2 February SDO-image of NOAA 1967.

M6 flare in NOAA 1967


On 27 January, a big, complex region rounded the Sun's east limb and was labelled NOAA 1967. This large sunspot group was the return of NOAA 1944 which appeared early January and was very active at that time, including 7 M- and 1 X-class flare. Using solar eclipse glasses, both groups were easy naked-eye objects.

A high-latitude sunspot group


The intensity of proton flares


Stupendous NOAA 1944!


Without a doubt, the big and complex sunspot group NOAA 1944 was the talk of the week. During its transit over the solar disk (1-14 January), it produced 1 X- and 7 M-class solar flares. Here we will deal with some of the more enigmatic aspects of the group's size and the X-class flare it produced.

1. Was NOAA 1944 the largest sunspot group so far this solar cycle?

The Sun's New Year's Letter


This promising letter arrived at the STCE’s Public Outreach Office on 1 January. It reads:

The Sun apparently wants to keep its New Year's resolutions. Indeed, on the very first day of the year it produced a great prominence eruption, a very strong solar flare, and one of the largest sunspot groups so far this solar cycle. This can be seen in this movie.

The solar hotshots of 2013!


During 2013, long stretches of solar inactivity alternated with brief spurts of high flaring activity levels. The periods of solar calm featured numerous filament and prominence eruptions, with so many spectacular events they could easily fill this review. There were 12 X-class solar flares, almost as many as 2011 and 2012 combined. Yet, only 5 sunspot regions were responsible for these extreme explosions on the Sun, and most of them took place during the latter part of 2013.

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